Color Theory Essays - Color, Photographic Processes,

Color Theory Color photographs begin as black and white negatives. Color film consists of three layers of emulsion, each layer basically the same as in black and white film, but sensitive only to one third of the spectrum (reds, greens or blues). Thus, when colored light exposes this film, the result is a multilayered black and white negative After the negative images are developed, the undeveloped emulsion remaining provides positive images by reversal. The remaining emulsion is exposed (chemically or with light) and the film developed a second time with a different developer. As it converts the light-sensitive silver compounds to metallic silver, the developer becomes oxidized and combines with coupler compounds to produce dyes. The three dyes formed, one in each emulsion layer, are the subtractive primaries yellow, magenta and cyan. All silver is then bleached out and each layer is left with a positive color image. Thus reds in the subject produce a heavy silver deposit in the red-sensitive layer in the negative, but no trace on the other layers. Then after reversal, only yellow and magenta remain which together make red. As shown in the illustration, the cyan is all but gone. After the film is processed and the silver is removed, what remains is called a Dye Cloud and as shown in the enlarged illustration below the clouds interaction creates a red color. SUBTRACTIVE COLOR SYNTHESIS uses paints, dyes, inks, and natural colorants to create color by absorbing some wavelengths of light and reflecting or transmitting others. This subtractive action is the basis of photographic filters, almost all films and color papers, and photomechanical reproduction in color. White light is composed of all visible wavelengths, which can be divided into three primary-color bands, red, green and blue. A colorant that absorbs one wavelength band has the combined color of the other two; it is the complement of the color it subtracts from white light. Thus: Primary Primary Combined Color Colors Color of the Absorbed Unaffected Subtractive Complementary Red Blue & Green Cyan Green Blue & Red Magenta Blue Red & Green Yellow The complementary colors are the control colors of subtractive color synthesis; thus, the dyes in color filters and emulsions, and the inks (process colors) used in photomechanical reproduction are cyan, magenta, and yellow. A single complementary produces its own color. Two complementaries in equal strengths produce a primary color because each absorbs a primary--e.g., magenta and yellow absorb green and blue, respectively, leaving red to be seen. Combinations of unequal subtractive strengths produce intermediate colors from white light. A combination of all three complementaries produces black (full strengths) or gray (lesser equal strengths) because all colors are subtracted. In color filtration this produces neutral density. Primary-color lights can be additively mixed to produce colors, but primary-color dyes, inks, or filters do not permit selective color control by subtractive action because each absorbs the other two primaries equally. The complementary colors permit subtractive control of each of the three primaries individually; like additive synthesis, this corresponds with the three-color theory of vision.(1) Color photographic film and paper use subtractive color synthesis to reproduce the real world either directly with transparency film or with an intermediate negative. Color photographs begin as black and white negatives. Color film consists of three layers of emulsion, each layer basically the same as in black and white film, but sensitive only to one third of the spectrum (reds, greens or blues). Thus, when colored light exposes this film, the result is a multilayered black and white negative. Color photographic film and paper use subtractive color synthesis to reproduce the real world either directly with transparency film or with an intermediate negative. Color photographs begin as black and white negatives. Color film consists of three layers of emulsion, each layer basically the same as in black and white film, but sensitive only to one third of the spectrum (reds, greens or blues). Thus, when colored light exposes this film, the result is a multilayered black and white negative. After the negative images are developed, the undeveloped emulsion remaining provides positive images by reversal. The remaining emulsion is exposed (chemically or with light) and the film developed a second time with a different developer. As it converts the light-sensitive silver compounds to metallic silver, the developer becomes oxidized and combines

Profit Center Essay Example

Profit Center Essay Example Profit Center Essay Profit Center Essay The TallTree2 Hotel Casino is a 640-room resort composite having a full scope of Nevada-style gambling with slot machines and table games. Besides the hotel and casino. it besides operates four eating houses. two amusement salesrooms and three gift stores. Because of the economic environment at the clip. TallTree2 wanted to better its underside line by establishing a scope of Particular Events like golf tourneies. packaging lucifers. New Year Parties and a series of cavity. lotto and slot tourneies. Those particular events were specifically designed to counterbalance for the slow periods and generate extra gambling grosss. Terrence Wei. the new belongings president. feels that his section directors appear to be in struggle with each other. The directors of each section have expressed concerns when it comes to running their section under the net income centre attack. Overall. complementary costs and allocated operating expense included in the direct costs pose more of a job in finding the sums to apportion. More specifically. the hotel director complained about capacity restraints. It is hard for this section to recapture all of the chance costs of non selling suites at full monetary value or even above that sum in times of high demand. The director is required to maintain 20 % of the suites in instance a higher roller comes in. If a participant pays for the room. it will be at the $ 45 price reduction rate and non the $ 139 that a walk in client would pay. The nutrient section is presently pricing below the community eating houses. The director argues that he should be able to put his monetary values and run his section on a profitable footing. It is presently running at 15 % loss and the complementary nutrient makes up for 20 % of all eating house gross revenues. As for the drink division. 77 % of gross revenues are complimentary. The director in this section is concerned about the really low monetary values offered. Judy Fitch. president of selling. is concerned that the worksheet provided by Bill Martino does non reflect the grosss generated by the particular events. In order to aline the company’s vision and inducements with those of the directors. the construction of each section needs to be re-evaluated based on current public presentation. The company is decentralized and each section is a duty centre. A duty centre is a division of a company for which a director has the authorization to do determinations. The chief types of duty centres are cost centres and net income centres. A cost centre is a division of a company that is responsible for the maintaining the costs every bit low as possible. Cost centres contribute to a company’s profitableness indirectly like selling. client service or research and development. A net income centre is a division of the company that is accounted for on a standalone footing for the intent of net income computation. The directors of those net income centres have the decision-making authorization related to merchandise or service pricing and operating disbursals. Therefore. the net income centre is responsible for doing its ain net incomes. The end is to reorganise the allotment of costs so that each section is profitable. The particular events target high rollers and should convey more money that they presently bring. The Casino section should still be run as a net income centre. Gambling is the largest beginning of gross for the hotel casino composite. The section director controls the grosss by offering particular publicities and complimentary nutrient. drinks and suites in times of slow periods. The director is non merely responsible for the net income generated but besides for the costs. Finally. the casino controls the bargaining power for the price-setting and complimentary services offered such as nutrient. drinks and suites. The hotel section should be evaluated as a net income centre. The division already has significant control over pricing since it is based on supply and demand and on seasonal tendencies. Besides. complimentary suites merely account for 8 % of the gross created by the section. Because of the high chance costs. room gross revenues account for about 92 % . The Hotel is besides one of the chief income beginnings for the gaming industry. The Food section should be run as a cost centre because 20 % of the gross is generated from complimentary gross revenues and besides because the eating houses are presently running at a 15 % loss. The restaurants’ chief intent is to function gamblers and should non be established as a standalone concern. The eating houses are expected to supply low-priced repasts that will pull more people or retain the current clients on the belongings. The Beverage section should besides be evaluated as a cost centre. 77 % of the beverage’s division grosss come from complimentary drinks served to the casino clients. The casino has major control over which clients receive the complimentary drinks and the director of the section has really small control over the division’s net income. The section should nevertheless be responsible for commanding costs like the staff and the cost of the inputs supplied. The synergism between the different sections makes it harder to measuring those separately. The ood and drink sections have the primary intent to maintain clients in the casino ; they have a encouraging function. The casino should hold the ultimate determination power to make up ones mind how and when the complimentary nutrient and drink are distributed. Alternatively. the nutrient and drink sections should command the costs of making concern. the efficiency and quality instead than to do net income. Particular events should be evaluated on profitableness. It will merely makes sense if each division is run as a net income centre or cost centre consequently. Besides. TallTree2 should take other elements into consideration. The full monetary value of suites should be included as gross. That manner. it will be easier to see the sum deducted for price reductions and complimentary suites. Bill’s statement to include the supplanting costs for hotel and grosss lost during particular events is rational. TallTree2 needs to cognize how much net income is lost so that they can do it up. The figure of suites reserved for high rollers should be revised because the 97 free suites during the Stars and Stripes event could hold been occupied by walk-in clients at the rate of $ 139 darks. If walk-in clients are turned down. those clients are non likely to remain at the hotel or even gamble at the casino in the hereafter. Some quantitative elements should be included like client satisfaction. The event’s success shouldn’t merely be evaluated in footings of profitableness. With the casino and hotel sections being evaluated as net income centres and the nutrient and drink sections run as cost centres. TallTree2 will be more profitable and direction of each sections will non be in struggle with each other.

Has the National Literacy Hour Affected Childrens Desire to Read for Essay

Has the National Literacy Hour Affected Childrens Desire to Read for Pleasure - Essay Example This result of this paper will provide ample information to the teachers and educational policy makers regarding the effective facilitation of the national literacy hour program. This will make them reevaluate the current scenario in their respective schools and see if they are still providing efficient and effective learning undertaking to the primary school students. This paper will also prove beneficial to all other aspiring teachers. With the information presented in his study, aspiring teachers will be enlightened as to the proper ways of handling and/or managing the primary classes and in following with the national literacy hour program. They will be given enough idea on which effective ways to use on various classroom situations. They will acquire valuable techniques on how to maintain the best possible educational outcome for the students. Lastly, this research study will surely be beneficial to other interested researchers. If the topic will be on educational outcomes and/or educational system, this paper is a good starting point or basis to conducting their own research undertaking related to the national literacy hour program. More so, the said national literacy hour program would require extra time in the school curriculum. Thus there is a need for more time resources to facilitate the required learning for the pupils. Extra hand may also be required because for the proper handling and management of group discussions of the pupils.,